violence which filled the earth just before the flood. This demonstration of man’s violent nature having been made, God after the flood placed a restraint upon this violent nature. He ordained that “the powers that be,” the civil powers, avenge all wanton murder, 9:5, 6, Rom. 13:1–6. During the period of the present heaven and earth, the civil powers are duty-bound to execute man or beast who without provocation takes the life of man. God exposes the murderer and man is to punish him. God placed